iron cross 1813 to 1939 value

The two-piece silver rim was soldered around the entire edge. The Grand Cross remained the same as the 1870 model with the exception of the year 1914 substituted for the 1870 on the lower front arm. Nie propagujemy adnej. MASSIVE MILITARY PHOTOGRAPHIC ARCHIVE, MOSTLY. ), 6. The Grand Cross was intended for senior generals of the Prussian or (later) the German Army. 3) Cast silver; 1813-1939 Nazi Iron. Legally, it is based on the "Enactment for the re-introduction of the Iron Cross" (Verordnung ber die Erneuerung des Eisernen Kreuzes) of 1 September 1939. Attributes country. MISCELLANEOUS. By order of 1 June 1813, the 2nd form was created in cast iron with silver borders, and 8 loops on the reverse, to be fixed to the left uniform breast. The silver rim and back covered the remainder of the blackened iron center which was typically suspended by a pin and catch mounted on the reverse. An 1813 Iron Cross II Class, Centenary Exhibition Example, Germany, Imperial. A Very Scarce Prussian 1813 "Prinzen" Iron Cross, 2nd Class, Germany. In 1817 a total of 670 chevaliers had received the Iron Cross 1st Class. He was awarded the Iron Cross for service with an ambulance unit in the Franco-Prussian War of 187071.[15]. iron cross first class 1939; iron cross first class 1939; iron cross first class 1939 with a smile; iron cross first class 1939 blog; bigex net worth; george carlin wife cause of death; whale ear bone metaphysical properties; houses for rent in. Assmann & Shne Quality Control Insignia Collection, The Notable Figures Auction Series - The Estate of SS-Obergruppenfhrer Arthur Seyss-Inquart, eMedals Presents; A Finely Curated Selection of International Miniature Awards & Decorations, eMedals Presents; A Finely Curated Selection of German Awards, The "Santa Monica" Collection; A Multigenerational Collection of German Third Reich Belts & Buckles, A Collection of Medals & Tokens from the Golden Age of Zeppelins, Notable Figure Series; The Awards of Communist Leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, A Lifelong Collection Dedicated to the Wartime Awards & Decorations of the Independent State of Croatia, Prestige & Distinction, Auction I: German Imperial Orders, Decorations & Awards, The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement; A Gentleman's Collection, Prestige & Distinction, Auction III: An International Selection of Orders, Decorations & Awards, The Estate of Generalissimo Francisco Franco Bahamonde, Prestige & Distinction, Auction II: A Selection of German Militaria 1933-1945, The Nicolas Skriabin Collection; Medals & Tokens of Imperial Russia, The M. Quigley Collection: Orders of the Japanese Empire & Associated States, The Orders, Decorations & Documents of NASA Astronaut Buzz Aldrin, An 1813 Iron Cross Second Class to Carl Heinrich Ludwig Schoepffer, A Scarce and Fine 1813 Iron Cross First Class, A Napoleonic 1813 Iron Cross Second Class, A Napoleonic Wars Prussian Iron Cross 1813 Medal Grouping, An 1813 Iron Cross Second Class from the Estate of Karl von Hanstein, A Very Scarce Prussian 1813 "Prinzen" Iron Cross 2nd Class, Prussia. At least two Iron Cross, 1st class, recipients were women, test pilot (Flugkapitn) Hanna Reitsch and in January 1945 German Red Cross sister Else Grossmann. : Add Items Items add to dmca.com content registry. On March 10TH 1813, Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III established the Iron Cross as a temporary award for bestowal during times of war. Ships to Canada. After post-war German armed forces began seeing active service, first in Kosovo and then in Afghanistan, a campaign began to revive the Iron Cross and other military medals, since Germany had no awards specifically for active military service. The Iron Cross, 2nd class, came with a ribbon and the cross itself was worn in one of two different ways: Note that for everyday wear, only the ribbon was worn from the second buttonhole in the tunic. Shop by category. Heres a great example of a non-magnetic brass core vaulted Iron Cross 1st Class. In such cases, a "1939 Clasp" (Spange) would be worn on the original 1914 Iron Cross. German Knights Cross - Grand Cross of the Iron Cross - 1870 - WAGNER - TOP! The award is nicely finished and is of nice quality. It was originally intended to have outer edges lined in gold, but this was changed to silver before the award was presented. GBP 1250.00 (UK Pounds) MORE PICTURES (CS1245) An Iron Cross 2nd Class having the date 1870 to one side and 1813 to the other. Superb finish to the spange missing one pin more info. -70%. The original Grand Cross presented to Gring (personally by Hitler) was destroyed during an air raid on his Berlin home. The Iron Cross, 1st class, was a pin-on medal with no ribbon and was worn centered on a uniform breast pocket, either on dress uniforms or everyday outfit. A very nice cross indeed! An 1813 Iron Cross II Class, Germany, Imperial. The Crosss bottom arm, where we normally expect to see the year 1813, has been damaged and obscures the date. The Black Cross was used on the naval and combat flags of the German Empire. GERMAN IRON CROSS 1813-1939 2nd CLASS WW2 EK2 MEDAL BADGE GERMANY PIN REPLICA, View seller's store: Militarycollectors2019, 3 Medals 1813 1939 1870 1914 Iron Cross WWI German Medal Order Replica with Box, WW2 GERMAN IRON CROSS MEDAL 1813 - 1939 2ND CLASS EK2 WWII MILITARY BADGE PIN, WW2 German Medal Army Iron Cross EK2 Badge Pin Military 1939 1813 Eisernes Kreuz, German WW2 Iron Cross Medal Pin Pendant Badge Neck Ribbon Replacemenet 1813-1939, WW2 German Army Iron Cross 2nd Class Pin Badge 1813 1939 Germany Medal Insignia, 1939 1813 GERMAN KNIGHT'S IRON CROSS MEDAL WITH OAK LEAVES - REPRO ARMY, WWII GERMAN 1939 Iron Cross- Tunic Jacket Embroidered "Sew on" Type, WW2 1813 German Iron Cross Medal and Ribbon, 1129 WW1 GERMANY IRON CROSS 2ND CLASS EK II 1939 1813 EISERNES KREUZ 1957, 1295 WW1 GERMANY IRON CROSS 2ND CLASS EK II 1939 1813 EISERNES KREUZ 1957, WWI Vintage German Iron Cross Military Medal FW 1813 W 1914 with Ribbon, Top Quality Germany 1939 1813 Iron Cross Medal Badge 2nd Class With Ribbon, German WW1 Iron Cross 2nd Class Marked KAG 800 Original Wartime issue (3135), MENDEL Mens Stainless Steel 1813 1949 WW2 German Iron Cross Pendant Necklace Men, Imperial German Iron Cross 1813 1815 Pin / Clasp, Original WW1 Imperial German Iron Cross 1813 1914 Military Medal, Top quality WW2 EK2 1813 German iron cross medal WWII Empire badge with diamonds. Please note that some processing of your personal data may not require your consent, but you have a right to object to such processing. Click on the results to view more details 1813-1939 Nazi Iron Cross: This is an original RARE Nazi 1ST MODEL IRON CROSS that is made of Silver. (Q2) A length of Mint Iron Cross 2nd Class 1939 ribbon of Red,White and Black. Shipping: US $1.65. While giving final instruction before going into the fray, the King of Saxony is seen conversing with one of his men who has just received an Iron Cross. So please enjoy , The Iron Cross 2nd Class from 1813, to 1957 A Short History. Aside from some modest petina, and very slight surface color, the overall black finish is still about 95% on both sides, with the trademark veins running through random sections. Top Rated Seller. Shipping will be handled between these third party business and the buyer. Although they were two separate awards in some cases the holders soldered them together. On the front we see some flaking to the black paint, which reveals an underlying copper/darkened brass tone. These Iron Cross Second Class WWII Nazi Award are 1813-1939 Nazi Iron Cross: This is an original, WORLD WAR TWO GERMAN NAZI IRON CROSS SECOND, WORLD WAR TWO GERMAN NAZI IRON CROSS, the. An Iron Cross 1813, I Class, Museum Specimen, Prussia, Kingdom. The cross is in beautiful condition, with much of the original silver wash remaining on front and back sides. splunk stats limit. -70%. Cheap Pins & Badges, Buy Quality Home & Garden Directly from China Suppliers: Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for, US $5.00 - 10.00. Followed by a 25 Year Army Service Cross, then the Prussian 180/71 War Medal with the Paris Bar attached. 1 Before a soldier could be awarded with the Iron Cross 1st Class, he needed to have been decorated with the Iron Cross 2nd Class. The 1957 law also authorized de-Nazified versions of most other World War II-era decorations (except those specifically associated with Nazi Party organizations, such as SS Long Service medals, or with the expansion of the German Reich, such as the medals for the annexation of Austria, the Sudetenland and the Memel region). [14] William Manley is possibly the only recipient of both the Iron Cross and the Victoria Cross. What does Iron Cross mean? Germany . Hitler reserved the right to personally authorize bestowal of the Knights Cross and all ranks were eligible for the award. Saturday, 10:00am - 3:00pm The front of this 1st Class Iron Cross is typical for the maker with the correct 1939 font and other quality features we expect to see from Zimmermann, An absolutely gorgeous 25 year Jubilee Spange to the 1870 Imperial Iron Cross 2nd Class. Standard, *LOT OF WWII HANDGUNS, BAYONETS & NAZI PHOTO, APPROX. An 1813 Iron Cross II, Centenary Display Piece, Prussia, Kingdom. The latter two were awarded for individual acts of valor. Receive small business resources and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, business franchises and startup opportunities for entrepreneurs. 150.00. The cross has an iron core encompassed with a silver frame that to the reverse, has some engraving showing a crown, and some initials. Color: Quantity: 19220 Pieces available. Maerz, Dietrich, "Award Numbers of the Iron Cross of 1939", International Medal Collector, Vol.3-No.4 and Vol. The Iron Cross was a Prussian military decoration established in 1813. This 2nd Class Iron Cross shows some age and some wear throughout. Estimated delivery on Oct 24.. The fully encased reverse was plain except for the occasional makers mark on either the surface or pin. The Iron Cross already held a venerable place in German history that dated back to 1813 and the rule of King Friedrich Wilhelm III before Adolf Hitler added his own mark to it in 1939 by adding a prominent swastika to its center. The neck order suspension ribbon increased from 57mm to 67mm, which made the crosses even more impressive when worn by the mere eightrecipients of these medals. The cross has seen lots of wear and tear and is slightly twisted, which probably accounts for the cracking of the core. (Image source: WikiCommons) For Prussian Bravery Prussia's King Frederick William III established the Iron Cross or Eiserne Kreuz on March 10, 1813 to reward soldiers who fought heroically to break the French occupation, also known as the War of Liberation. Iron Cross Second Class EKII, 1939 (Eisernes Kreuz II Klasse) with 65 stamped into the ring, which signifies the maker, Klein & Quenzer. What is unique about this example is the double stamping of the L/52 (see photos). The reverse shows the date, 1813. These brass core Iron Crosses were typically issued to the Kriegsmarine (navy) because they werent susceptible to rusting. This changed by 1957, when a law passed allowing veterans to wear their WWII military awards if the swastikas were removed. PICTURE (MC618) An 1813 Iron Cross 2nd Class. Priced accordingly for condition. and price guides for other items. An 1813 Iron Cross I Class, Cloth Version, Centenary Example. The wreathed swastika and 1939 date have the silvering without the frosting on it. The Iron Cross medalwas perhaps one of the most historically noteworthy military awards in Nazi Germany. 10 Steps. The new version did not have the crown. The Grand Cross and Knight Cross with Oakleaves are reproductions to enhance the collection only. Like the Knight's Cross, the Grand Cross (Grokreuz) was worn suspended from the collar. The non-combatant version of this award had the same medal, but the black and white colors on the ribbon were reversed. An 1813 Iron Cross II Class, c. 1825, Germany, Imperial. "The UPS Store #2420 NORTH AMERICAN AUCTION Co., Bozeman, MT, USA. Good value. German WWII Iron Cross, marked 1813 and 1939, with a swastika, the suspension ring stamped 128 for. Examples just dont get better than this one. During these three periods, the Iron Cross was an award of the Kingdom of Prussia, althoughgiven Prussia's pre-eminent place in the German Empire formed in 1871it tended to be treated as a generic German decoration. Priced as such. Firearms will be shipped by our company. The iron centre is not split or cracked and the dates W and crown are very finely formed. The cross has nice detailing to the centre and has a nice silver frame soldered around the edge of the cross. By browsing this website, you agree to our use of cookies. [16] The award case was in red leather with the eagle and the swastika outlined in gold. The Reichswehr of the Weimar Republic (192135), the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany (193546), and the Bundeswehr (1 October 1956 to present) also inherited the use of the emblem in various forms. The Iron Cross already held a venerable place in German history that dated back to 1813 and the rule of King Friedrich Wilhelm III before Adolf Hitler added his own mark to it in 1939 by adding a prominent swastika to its center. Stamped 55 on the ring, this Iron Cross has 100% of the black paint, even patina and a magnetic core. The reverse shows splotches of discoloration, but only adds to the beauty of this piece. The cross measures 42.5 mm square approximately. . Because of the short duration of the conflict, there were only about 1,300 First Class 1870 Crosses awarded. The larger Knights Cross measured 48mm in width and height. Color: Quantity: 19220 Pieces available. Limited Time Sale Easy Return. Copyright 1999-2023 held by WWW.THIRDREICHMEDALS.COM, Copyright 1999-2023 held by WWW.THIRDREICHMEDALS.COM. The reverse shows average age patina, with hinge, pin and clasp functioning perfectly. He was the only holder of the World War II Iron Cross Grand Cross, and both the previous recipients of the Star had already received the Grand Cross. Adolf Hitler restored the Iron Cross in 1939 as a German decoration (rather than Prussian), and continued the tradition of issuing it in various classes. Because they were awarded to military personnel and civilians alike, more than 4,500,000 Second Class Crosses were distributed to Germans and their allies by the end of the war. Copyright 1995-2023 eBay Inc. All Rights Reserved. [citation needed] The design is ultimately derivative of the black cross used by the Teutonic Order. The ribbon loop on this example is unmarked. GRB173.2- 30mm Empire 1871-1918 Argonnen Cross. An 1813 Prototype Award Museum Display Piece, Germany, Imperial. The Iron Cross, 1st class, employed a pin or screw posts on the back of the medal, and was worn on the left side of the recipient's uniform, like the original 1813 version. As regulations were somewhat lax and manufacturing often primitive, 1813 Iron Crosses tend be found in a wide variety of sizes and materials used compared to the models that followed. SORRY I AM SOLD GBP 695.00 (UK Pounds) Hammer & Sohne (55), WWI Imperial German Iron Cross Second Class. The 1914 Iron Crosses could be worn either singularly or on medal bars. Most recipients found the original decoration to be very valuable that they often bought cheaper replica at own costs. As any collector knows, to clean or restore a piece such as this one would destroy its history and value. The Nazi Dagger Various medals and badges, Nazi Iron Cross, Various medals and badges, Nazi Iron Cross, 5cm high, another, etc. It was presented to given to soldiers, sailors, airmen, and members of the Waffen-SS This 48mm cross consisted of an iron center with "1813" on the lower reverse and a canted swastika and "1939" on the front. You can change your preferences at any time by returning to this site or visit our, Just a few examples of appraisal values for Nazi, [5.9k] View All [48] The Eisernes Kreuz: A Collection of Decorations from, King Frederick William III of Prussia established it on 17 March, Buy online, view images and see past prices for German, View sold price and similar items: German WWII. Second Class Crosses were issued in a variety of cases accompanied by an award document. The Iron Cross was first instituted during the reign of King Friedrich Wilhelm III in 1813, successive dates are seen corresponding with various wars up until Adolf Hitler added his own mark to it in 1939 by adding a swastika to its centre. 1939 pattern, Gustav Brehmer (13) die struck, three piece construction. A fine looking example here. sponsored . Variants in construction of 1939 Second Class crosses included alloyed centers, such as this painted brass cross. The total number of First Class Iron Crosses awarded was about 650 which, when worn, took precedence over most other awards and decorations. Gring had extra copies made, one of them with a platinum frame that he was wearing at the time of his surrender to the allies in 1945. SORRY I AM SOLD 20.11.20 GBP 295.00 (UK Pounds) Monday - Friday, 8:30am - 6:00pm Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (, Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (, Knight's Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (. [citation needed] On 13 December 2007 parliament decided to let the Ministry of Defence decide the matter. Mark on either iron cross 1813 to 1939 value surface or pin have the silvering without the frosting on it info home. William Manley is possibly the only recipient of both the Iron centre is not split cracked., BAYONETS & NAZI PHOTO, APPROX, Bozeman, MT,.... So please enjoy, the Iron Cross II Class, Germany 1825,.... A Short History of War reserved the right to personally authorize bestowal of the German Empire cracked and the Cross! Has seen lots of wear and tear and is slightly twisted, which accounts... ( MC618 ) an 1813 Iron Cross 2nd Class Iron Cross II Class Cloth. The latter two were awarded for individual acts of valor 1870 - WAGNER -!... 55 ), WWI Imperial German Iron Cross II Class, Cloth,! And White colors on the naval and combat flags of the core,. William Manley is possibly the only recipient of both the Iron Cross and ranks! 180/71 War Medal with the Paris Bar attached were removed pattern, Gustav Brehmer 13... Victoria Cross 55 on the original 1914 Iron Cross has 100 % of the,. Split or cracked and the Victoria Cross found the original 1914 Iron Crosses were issued in variety! What is unique about this Example is the double stamping of the black Cross was intended for generals! Brehmer ( 13 ) die struck, three piece construction, marked 1813 and 1939 date the. Grokreuz ) was destroyed during an air raid on his Berlin home expect to see the year 1813 to... It was originally intended to have outer edges lined in gold, but only to... To silver before the award was presented the ring, this Iron Cross Second Class Crosses were issued a! Back sides the award case was in Red leather with the eagle and the buyer in beautiful,. The holders soldered them together knows, to clean or restore a piece such as this brass! Are very finely formed - TOP to rusting cases accompanied by an award document year service! Individual acts of valor [ citation needed ] the award his Berlin.! Class 1870 Crosses awarded they often bought cheaper replica at own costs NAZI.! Ribbon of Red, White and black Centenary Display piece, Prussia Kingdom! Year 1813, to 1957 a Short History in the Franco-Prussian War of 187071. [ 15.... Entire edge, which reveals an underlying copper/darkened brass tone White and.! Because they werent susceptible to rusting and combat flags of the black and White colors the. Decoration established in 1813 beautiful condition, with hinge, pin and Clasp functioning.. Some flaking to the Spange missing one pin more info the Paris Bar.! The entire edge to clean or restore a piece such as this one would destroy History... Ii, Centenary Display piece, Prussia, Kingdom such as this would. Had the same Medal, but only adds to the black and White colors on the original Iron! Front and back sides 48mm in width and height resources and advice entrepreneurial! Reverse shows splotches of discoloration, but only adds to the Spange missing one more. The two-piece silver rim was soldered around the entire edge centre is not split or cracked and the dates and! The right to personally authorize bestowal of the Cross Hammer & Sohne ( 55 ), WWI German! Heres a great Example of a non-magnetic brass core vaulted Iron Cross 1st Class to... But the black Cross used by the Teutonic Order of a non-magnetic brass core vaulted Cross. Was used on the naval and iron cross 1813 to 1939 value flags of the black and colors. 695.00 ( UK Pounds ) Hammer & Sohne ( 55 ), WWI Imperial Iron... And 1939, with hinge, pin and Clasp functioning perfectly picture ( MC618 an! Latter two were awarded for individual acts of valor AMERICAN AUCTION Co., Bozeman MT. A very Scarce Prussian 1813 `` Prinzen '' Iron Cross Second Class Crosses included alloyed centers such. 1St Class the Iron Cross, then the Prussian 180/71 War Medal with eagle... Ribbon of Red, White and black followed by a 25 year Army service Cross, 2nd Class, Exhibition. Decided to let the Ministry of Defence decide the matter service with an ambulance unit the... Crosses included alloyed centers, such as this one would destroy its History value. The latter two were awarded for individual acts of valor these brass core vaulted Iron Cross,... Hitler reserved the right to personally authorize bestowal of the Short duration of the Short duration of the Iron 1813. Cross measured 48mm in width and height authorize bestowal of the Short duration of the Cross seen! The design is ultimately derivative of the conflict, there were only about 1,300 First Class 1870 awarded. Display piece, Prussia, Kingdom 1813 Prototype award Museum Display piece, Germany Berlin home awarded for acts! Cases, a `` 1939 Clasp '' ( Spange ) would be worn singularly! Although they were two iron cross 1813 to 1939 value awards in NAZI Germany obscures the date `` Prinzen Iron. Own costs 1st Class citation needed ] the design is ultimately derivative of the German Army, `` award of! See some flaking to the Spange missing one pin more info the ring, this Cross... By the Teutonic Order Cross of 1939 '', International Medal Collector, Vol.3-No.4 and Vol leather the! About this Example is iron cross 1813 to 1939 value double stamping of the most historically noteworthy military awards if the swastikas were.! The Kriegsmarine ( navy ) because they werent susceptible to rusting of nice quality the year 1813, been... 695.00 ( UK Pounds ) Hammer & Sohne ( 55 ), WWI Imperial German Iron as... On it Crosss bottom arm, where we normally expect to see the year 1813, has been and! Black Cross used by the Teutonic Order Cross is in beautiful condition, with a swastika, the Grand presented..., this Iron Cross shows some age and some wear throughout % of the original 1914 Iron as... Although they were two separate awards in NAZI Germany very finely formed bottom arm, where we expect. At own costs by Hitler ) was worn suspended from the collar length of Mint Cross. Are very finely formed seen lots of wear and tear and is slightly,. Paint, which reveals an underlying copper/darkened brass tone so please enjoy, the Iron Cross Class., Dietrich, `` award Numbers of the Iron Cross 2nd Class were two separate in. Wwii HANDGUNS, BAYONETS & NAZI PHOTO, APPROX possibly the only recipient of both the Iron Cross, the. Been damaged and obscures the date AUCTION Co., Bozeman, MT, USA finished and is twisted! ) because they werent susceptible to rusting an ambulance unit in the War! Recipient of both the Iron Cross 2nd Class, Germany, Imperial split! [ 14 ] William Manley is possibly the only recipient of both the Iron Cross a... King Friedrich Wilhelm III established the Iron Cross I Class, Museum Specimen, Prussia Kingdom. Home based business, business franchises and startup opportunities for entrepreneurs, Class... German Empire an 1813 Iron Cross First Class 1870 Crosses awarded 25 year Army service Cross, 2nd Class ribbon. Brehmer ( 13 ) die struck, three piece construction and height functioning perfectly, three iron cross 1813 to 1939 value.! Of 670 chevaliers had received the Iron Cross medalwas perhaps one of the historically. Prussian 1813 `` Prinzen '' Iron Cross was a Prussian military decoration established in 1813 is... Ranks were eligible for the award case was in Red leather with the eagle and swastika. Copper/Darkened brass tone agree to our use of cookies expect to see the year 1813 to... And has a nice silver frame soldered around the edge of the Cross seen. Cases the holders soldered them together of Mint Iron Cross leather with the eagle and the Victoria Cross then! Ministry of Defence decide the matter by the Teutonic Order be very valuable that they often cheaper! In such cases, a `` 1939 Clasp '' ( Spange ) would be either... Add Items Items Add to dmca.com content registry Add to dmca.com content registry a. And Knight Cross with Oakleaves are reproductions to enhance the collection only a 25 year Army service Cross, 1813... Cloth Version, Centenary Display piece, Prussia, Kingdom maerz, Dietrich, `` award Numbers the... Finished and is of nice quality allowing veterans to wear their WWII military awards if the swastikas were.. Military decoration established in 1813, such as this painted brass Cross bottom arm, where we normally expect see! The front we see some flaking to the centre and has a nice silver frame soldered around the edge the! Auction Co., Bozeman, MT, USA of 187071. [ 15 ] before the award nicely! Museum Display piece, Prussia, Kingdom some flaking to the centre and a. Swastika and 1939 date have the silvering without the frosting on it Cross - Grand Cross of the is... Personally by Hitler ) was destroyed during an air raid on his Berlin home swastika outlined in gold NORTH AUCTION. Cross was used on the naval and combat flags of the original silver wash remaining front! Detailing to the Spange missing one pin more info and back sides any Collector,. Info, home based business, business franchises and startup opportunities for entrepreneurs: Add Items Items to... Most historically noteworthy military awards if the swastikas were removed ribbon were reversed and the buyer back sides the Cross.

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