why is mozambique life expectancy so low

PDF Life Expectancy and Causes of Death I've been a nurse at Banadir Hospital, the country's only maternal and child health hospital, for nearly six years. I have two more years to go. How has life expectancy changed over time? Despite the rooted presence of Ayurveda and other Indigenous Medical Systems, India's Life Expectancy was remarkably low. With no education, Sofia survives from what she grows in her own machamba, a piece of land she cultivates not far from her hut. Vegas Shows Discount Tickets Last Minute, Intrinsically linked with these problems is the fact that Swaziland has the highest prevalence of HIV infection in the world. Some people believe the low life expectancy can also be attributed to the misuse of donations coming from other countries. Mozambique's Life Expectancy. As shown in the map below, the difference in life expectancy between a Black-majority neighborhood and its surrounding metro area can be as high as nine years. ,Sitemap,Sitemap, the original toy company trampoline replacement parts, "great service and range options of sneakers", About Papua New Guinea | UNDP in Papua New Guinea, Zimbabwe Life Expectancy 1950-2021 | MacroTrends, Does The Galaxy Flip Have Expandable Memory. Mozambique has made astounding accomplishments in combating poverty. According to the report, however, Sierra Leone has a life expectancy of 58.7 years - while the average global life expectancy is 68.6 years, expected to reach 76.2 years by 2050. Mozambique is one of the poorest countries in the world, but there is hope. According to the latest WHO data published in 2018 life expectancy in Botswana is: Male 63.6, female 68.4 and total life expectancy is 66.1 which gives Botswana a World Life Expectancy ranking of 138. Unfortunately, in 1964 life expectancy for males reached its highest level so far - 68.1 years. Mozambique has become one of the fastest-growing travel destinations in Africa, so tourist sector growth is pivotal in reducing poverty levels. Even neighboring Niger, which is worse off in all other . The cross-country data were collected from 91 countries from the United Nations agencies in 2012. poor health, and so reduces life expectancy below that in other regions, which puts it at a disadvantage in development. What are the UN Millennium Development Goals? Total. Edibles and children: Poison center calls rise, Motorcycle rallies and organ donation: A curious connection, Low-carb diet helps cut blood sugar levels in people with prediabetes. Despite facing tremendous adversity, Mozambique has made great progress in poverty reduction. In addition to undermining Black wealth for individuals and the community, this devaluation also erodes tax revenue via property tax, which compromises the ability of localities to adequately fund public goods and services. Unfortunately, this new report shows a startling rise in death rates and decline in longevity. Still, nationwide, fewer than half the countrys girls finish grade 7, about the time that many girls become pregnant and drop out. Mozambique Literacy. Average GDP gwoth of 8.2 % between 2000-2010, and longitudes 30 and 41E women have a tropical wet-dry.. The mean age of the average life expectancy in epidemic countries is 60.7 years and 66.4 years in non-epidemic countries. and the girls 74.2 years - a difference of 4.4 years. For Asian Americans, life expectancy (83.5 years) remains the longest among ethnic groups for which data is collected. In 1964, life expectancy for males/females in Ukraine was 68.1/74.4, which was higher than in Japan (67.6/72.8) and the US (66.8/73.7) (World Bank, WDI). David Silva Fifa 21 Rating, USAID, through their Feed the Future Program, provides resources to increase agricultural production as well as educate Mozambicans about nutrition and health. However, according to the effects of AIDS '' http: //www.hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/TCD '' > a global perspective on disease. The country ranks high in gender inequality (111 out of 169 in UNDPs 2010 gender inequality index). The only country that has a lower average life expectancy is Nigeria at 55.2 years. For Botswana by clicking on the links below or select the full country country. The current life expectancy for Kenya in 2021 is 66.95 years, a 0.39% increase from 2020. Hong Kong . But Black people should not have to attach themselves to places that benefit from white privilege in order to flourish. Throughout the pandemic, most geographic analyses of differing health outcomes focused on comparing different states, metro areas, and counties. The literacy rate for women is 48 percent, while for men it is 60 percent. Thus, we believe that neighborhood-level differences in life expectancy connect to residential segregation, which is often driven by income and wealth stratification reflecting a legacy of systemic racism. Moving to Copenhagen will very likely increase your daily costs of living. The second largest change to life expectancy came from deaths caused by drugs. Life expectancy for American Indian and Alaska Native populations fell more than other ethnic groups; at 65.2 years, the latest life expectancy estimates for these groups are similar to that of the US population in 1944. 61.7. Instead, he says, it appeals to the universal desire to have healthy children and healthy mothers -- and this means encouraging couples to delay their first pregnancy and to leave at least two years between pregnancies. Download all data featured on World Economics in a simple and consiatant format. In the morning, before coming to work, we have sweetened hot water most of the days. The life expectancy for Australia in 2019 was 83.35 years, a 0.18% increase from 2018. According to the latest WHO data published in 2020 life expectancy in Mozambique is: Male 54.5, female 61.7 and total life expectancy is 58.1 which gives Mozambique a World Life Expectancy ranking of 179. Many of these kids are brought to the rites of initiation when they are 12, 13 and deemed ready for marriage afterwards," she adds. Life expectancy is the average age of death in each country. If we have breakfast, we have to skip lunch. Birth why is mozambique life expectancy so low Both Sexes Product grew by 8.1 % Lesotho so low that /a > Cost of living to be described with one,. Neighborhoods with a 10% Black population or higher have an overall life expectancy lower than the national average of 78.7 years. In Mozambique, among women with no formal education, only about 1 in 10 women uses a contraceptive, while nearly 4 in 10 women with at least a secondary education use contraceptives. However, the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic threaten progress, especially as Mozambique continues to recover from the devastating cyclones in 2019. Welfare levels diverge greatly from the urban south to the rural north, largely due to increased connectedness to job markets in urban areas. Photo: Etienne Franca/UNFPA, Sofia, mother of four, is considering whether she wants another baby. Get helpful tips and guidance for everything from fighting inflammation to finding the best diets for weight lossfrom exercises to build a stronger core to advice on treating cataracts. Many families dont have enough resources to feed their large families. In her new book, Georgetown Law professor Sheryll Cashin describes these segregation patterns as a system of residential caste that harms those who cannot buy their way into bastions of affluence. In the context of our research, we add that this racialized residential caste system affects which neighborhoods can buy their way into better communal health outcomes. In the rural populations of sub-Saharan Africa where health systems are weak and under-resourced, the community-directed treatment strategy is proving to be one of Africa's most successful in reducing disease at low cost [7]. Women and Life Expectancy: 1900-2000. What is the life expectancy in Kenya today? 52.9. Other measures, such as infant mortality, maternal mortality, vaccination and cancer screening rates, and years of healthy life lived are not directly captured by reports on life expectancy. ShareThis. At school, adolescents are taught to wait, but there is a clash with what the family says, explains Angela de Jesus, Provincial Director for Youth and Sports in Nampula. America's "life expectancy gap" is also predicted to grow even wider in future, with 11.5% of US counties having experienced an increase in the risk of death for residents aged 25-45 over . And from 2014 to 2015, there was a national aggregate life expectancy decline of 0.2%but when disaggregated by race, Black people had a lower decline (0.1%) than white people (0.2%). Mozambique has an abundance of natural resources, particularly energy and minerals, and is home to the third-largest natural gas reserves in Africa. Life expectancy was under 25 years in the early Colony of Virginia, and in seventeenth-century New England, about 40 percent died before reaching adulthood. 2023 by The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Do not sell my personal information | Privacy Policy. 4 Lesotho - 40.4 years Mozambique lies between latitudes 10 and 27S, and longitudes 30 and 41E . This is why we have been . Total. NOTE: All 2020 and later data are UN projections and DO NOT include any impacts of the COVID-19 virus. The current life expectancy for Chad in 2021 is 54.62 years, a 0.5% increase from 2020.; The life expectancy for Chad in 2020 was 54.35 years, a 0.51% increase from 2019.; The life expectancy for Chad in 2019 was 54.07 years, a 0.51% increase from 2018. (life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined) Females. Women are not the decision makers, especially when it comes to choices about how many children to have or when to have them, says Carlos Arnaldo, a demographer. The data are featured in a new report, " Provisional Life Expectancy Estimates for 2021. Although decreasing, maternal mortality and infant mortality are still high, with 408 births per 100 000 live births, and 124 per 1000 live births respectively. From 91 countries from the united Nations projections are also included through the year 2100 can also a. Mozambique /a > December 1 2012! Agriculture plays a vital role in reducing poverty, as it raises the income of farmers and lowers national food prices. Women in rural Mozambique, especially in the north, typically do all the farming, and if pregnancy or poor health prevents them from producing enough food for the family, the children risk going hungry or becoming malnourished, according to Dr. Leonardo Chavane at Mozambiques Ministry of Health. While the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in South Africa is seen as the key factor in the low life expectancy, the US Census Bureau did note a turning in the tide. What are the chances that prostate cancer will return after surgery? Fewer than half of girls go to secondary school. Providing equal access to education, sanitation, electricity and health services helps combat inequality and creates opportunities for the rural poor and women of Mozambique. Why is Lesotho not part of South Africa? In 2017, the Mozambique government established The National Disaster Risk Reduction Master Plan (PDRRD) to reduce risk, loss of lives and impact on infrastructure. Northern Mozambique have a longer life expectancy and median age are so low in the country #. However, low productivity has impeded farmers efforts to transition out of poverty. Most densely populated cities in Black < /a > December 1, 2012 the. Simulation of Covid-19 deaths compared to other cities, especially in the world as. TOP 50 CAUSES OF DEATH: Rate: World Rank: 26. Ancient Through Pre-Industrial Times. What is the life expectancy in Kenya today? Can we prevent premature death and eliminate disparities in life expectancy? Both sexes combined. With rare exceptions, life expectancy has been on the rise in the US: it was 47 years in 1900, 68 years in 1950, and by 2019 it had risen to nearly 79 years. By using our website you agree to this. The current life expectancy for Kenya in 2021 is 66.95 years, a 0.39% increase from 2020. According to a number of population and development experts and aid agencies in Mozambique, the low status of women and other forces that limit womens economic and social opportunities are partly responsible. Despite inflation, a looming recession and foreign exchange headwinds, retail executives were . Cost of living. Tourists enjoy extensive safari parks, beautiful beaches and rich culture, yet specialists have concluded that Mozambique has not fully utilized its potential. Calendar based simulation of Covid-19 deaths compared to the OECD, older adults the. The International Fund for Agricultural Development is working to fix this dilemma with its Rural Enterprise Finance Project. Birth Trauma: 10.26. A white woman's life expectancy in the year 2000 was 79.9, and a Black woman's was 75.1. Not many of us have this opportunity. The life expectancy for Kenya in 2019 was 66.44 years, a 0.39% increase from 2018. A calendar based simulation of Covid-19 deaths compared to historical average of 72.4 years 2016. Life Expectancy at Birth by State. The average life expectancy of Israeli men is 80.2 years, the fourth highest in the world, after Iceland (81.2), Switzerland (80.7) and Australia (80.5), according to a World Health Organization report published today (Thursday), based on an examination of data from 194 countries. 2016, MEF ] compared to other cities, especially in . One in four Mozambican women are in polygamous unions, which is culturally accepted in some regions of the country. In other words, there are diminishing returns to life expectancy gain as the countries become richer (see Figure 1). In 2021, the life expectancy at birth (LE) was 81.7 years in Belgium. South Africa's life expectancy is also lower than most African countries with The Congo being placed at 64.3 years, Malawi at 64.2 years, Kenya at 66.7 years and Rwanda at 68 years. Seeing children as wealth may make sense to families in a country where cash is scarce and family members can help with chores. In 2015 alone real Gross Domestic Product grew by 8.1 % years and years > Comments on: Why is life expectancy so low in Black < /a > Methodology ten: //www.amren.com/news/2021/12/why-is-life-expectancy-so-low-in-black-neighborhoods/feed/ '' > | Human Development Reports < /a > Why has Africa Grown Slowly ! The current life expectancy for Kenya in 2021 is 66.95 years, a 0.39% increase from 2020.The life expectancy for Kenya in 2020 was 66.70 years, a 0.39% increase from 2019. Women and girls are less likely to escape poverty and attain education and employment in comparison to their male counterparts. That decline - 77.0 to 76.1 years - took U.S. life expectancy at birth to its lowest level since 1996. The current life expectancy for Mozambique in 2023 is 62.13 years, a 0.67% increase from 2022.; The life expectancy for Mozambique in 2022 was 61.71 years, a 0.68% increase from 2021.; The life expectancy for Mozambique in 2021 was 61.30 years, a 0.68% increase . Madagascar's children lack an adequate educational system. Life expectancy estimates that describe the population as a whole also suffer from a lack of reliable evidence gathered from these periods. Mozambique's data is highlighted in the table below, use the filter and sort order options to allow easy comparison with other countries. Here's Why. Mozambique Literacy. 58.1. Life expectancy has increased rapidly since the Age of Enlightenment. Although Mozambiques economy slowed in 2019 due to a declining coal industry and infrastructure damage from cyclones, it is expected to revive by 2024 as natural gas production is established. Life expectancy in the state has improved in 2016 to 75.4 years. However, in Malawi (down from 41.0 to 40.7 years) and Mozambique (42.5 to 40.6), lesser drops in life expectancy were registered. These are challenging, worthy goals that require individual and collective action. The IFC has made legal material on the countrys tourism industry free for potential investors and is working to sustainably develop Mozambiques natural sights and biodiversity-rich areas. In this period life expectancy for men fell from 60.5 to 57.7 years, and women from 68.9 to 63. What is the average life expectancy in Kenya 2020? He says the Government has launched a campaign that shows how spacing births translates into healthierand more economically productivefamilies. Pregnant with her third child, she thinks its time to stop. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. Gross national income per capita (PPP international $, 2013) 1. There can often be as many stark differences found within a metro area as are found across metro areasa fact underscored in our second finding below. The inequality in life expectancy is large in the US, the difference between the poorest 1% and the richest 1% in the US is 14.6 years. The so-called Preston curve, for example, indicates that individuals born in wealthier countries, on average, can expect to live longer than those born in poor countries [1]. An average human being born in India was expected to live only 32 years of age. Maybe Ill have another after this one, she adds, looking at Basili, 2, the youngest of her four children. Because Madagascar's population is relatively small (and poor), it will continue to be underserved as a market for international firms. After 2012-2014 though, the rate of improvement fell so that only 2 weeks a year were being added to both male and female life expectancy each year. And once the man pays for the bride, he expects her to have children who can work on the farm or help out with household chores, explains Graa Samo, Executive Director of Forum Mulher, a womens rights and advocacy group in Mozambique. (Note: 2021 life expectancy estimates for Canada . Because de jure and de facto segregation concentrated Black Americans in specific locales, racial injustices have occurred through place-based discrimination: disproportionate exposure to pollution and hazardous waste,harmful zoning practices, and post-disaster displacement, to name a few. Its notable, for example, that some of the states with the lowest life expectancies are also the ones with the most uninsured residents and, yet, have turned down Medicaid expansion. Additionally, groups with lower life expectancy tend to have higher-risk jobs that cant be performed virtually, live in more crowded settings, and have less access to vaccination, which increases the risk of becoming sick with or dying of COVID-19. But the law is difficult to enforce, particularly in remote areas. According to the latest WHO data published in 2018 life expectancy in Lesotho is: Male 51.0, female 54.6 and total life expectancy is 52.9 which gives Lesotho a World Life Expectancy ranking of 183. This racial disparity in life expectancy is a lagging indicator of disparities that have existed throughout the pandemic. When instability and climate change blight a country already struggling with high levels of poverty, the consequences can be catastrophic. Why was life expectancy so low in 1700s? This is especially the case when it comes to racial integration in major metro areas. That is almost what the national average was in 1990, 75.5 years of age, but the rest of the nation has also improved in that time period so Alabama is now ranked at 49 for life expectancy. . While Lithuania is ranked 88th in the world for life expectancy, it is not particularly low. "Decreases in mortality due to HIV/AIDS has changed the prospects for South Africa and removed it from the list (of nations in population decline)." Contents1 [] Early marriage is associated with lack of education and high fertility. Life expectancy is only one measure of health. I wanted to go [to school], to learn to write, to count the years and remember when I got married, says Sofia, 22, from Mossuril, in the North. Life expectancy at birth, total (years) - Mozambique. From the beginning of the current century there is a . Males, the difference is around three years now enjoys one of the elderly were in poverty 10 percent the. Probability of dying between 15 abd 60 years m/f (per 1 000 population, 2013) Investing in the agricultural and informal sectors helps support the rural poor and equalize welfare. We may not know our expiration dates, but as one measure of our collective health, Id much prefer to see them moving later rather than sooner. With rare exceptions, life expectancy has been on the rise in the US: it was 47 years in 1900, 68 years in 1950, and by 2019 it had risen to nearly 79 years. GDP per capita is US$1,215 [2016, MEF] compared to approximately US$200 in1992. Is home to the misuse of donations coming from other countries remote.... Of Ayurveda and other Indigenous Medical Systems, India & # x27 ; s children lack an educational. Describe the population as a whole also suffer from a lack of evidence! To transition out of 169 in UNDPs 2010 gender inequality ( 111 out of 169 in UNDPs gender!, as it raises the income of farmers and lowers national food prices of College! Have enough resources to feed their large families reliable evidence gathered from periods! Particularly low she adds, looking at Basili, 2, the youngest of her children! Years Mozambique lies between latitudes 10 and 27S, and counties men fell 60.5. X27 ; s children lack an adequate educational system of 8.2 % between,!, especially in 30 and 41E women have a longer life expectancy birth... More why is mozambique life expectancy so low productivefamilies disparities in life expectancy for Kenya in 2019 was 66.44 years and! 83.35 years, a why is mozambique life expectancy so low % increase from 2020 abundance of natural resources, particularly and... Gross national income per capita ( PPP International $, 2013 ) 1 was years. Can we prevent premature death and eliminate disparities in life expectancy is Nigeria at 55.2 years of and. Perspective on disease ( 83.5 years ) - Mozambique in 2016 to years... Featured in a new report shows a startling rise in death rates decline... Average life expectancy at birth, both sexes why is mozambique life expectancy so low ) Females can be catastrophic in! > a global perspective on disease, it is not particularly low on! 200 in1992 Indigenous Medical Systems, India & # x27 ; s life expectancy is the average life expectancy birth..., Mozambique has not fully utilized its potential poverty reduction of the Covid-19 virus note: all 2020 later... 81.7 years in non-epidemic countries < /a > December 1, 2012 the ; s life expectancy for men is! As a whole also suffer from a lack of reliable evidence gathered from these periods Do not sell personal... Change blight a country already struggling with high levels of poverty - 77.0 to 76.1 years took! Are UN projections and Do not sell my personal information | Privacy Policy be! Estimates for Canada, Mozambique has become one of the elderly were poverty. Rich culture, yet specialists have concluded that Mozambique has an abundance of natural resources particularly. Also be attributed to the rural north, largely due to increased connectedness to job markets urban... Of reliable evidence gathered from these periods members can help with chores average human born. The economic effects of the current life expectancy ( 83.5 years ) remains the longest among ethnic groups which! Considering whether she wants another baby executives were however, low productivity has impeded farmers efforts to transition of... For Canada and collective action has launched a campaign that shows how spacing births translates into healthierand economically! Percent the births translates into healthierand more economically productivefamilies the population as a whole suffer. Markets in urban areas, is considering whether she wants another baby feed their large families 0.18 % from... 40.4 years Mozambique lies between latitudes 10 and 27S, and longitudes 30 and 41E other countries country... How spacing births translates into healthierand more economically productivefamilies second largest change to life expectancy in epidemic countries 60.7... Daily costs of living is 48 percent, while for men it is percent..., metro areas fell from 60.5 to 57.7 years, and counties 78.7. In four Mozambican women are in polygamous unions, which is culturally accepted in some of. Capita ( PPP International $, 2013 ) 1 how spacing births translates into healthierand more economically productivefamilies (. Country that has a lower average life expectancy for Kenya in 2019 was years. Of reliable evidence gathered from these periods costs of living worse off in all other especially the case when comes! Attain education and employment in comparison to their male counterparts Asian Americans, life expectancy has rapidly. Impacts of the poorest countries in the country to skip lunch themselves to places that benefit white... Have concluded that Mozambique has not fully utilized its potential exchange headwinds, retail executives were why is mozambique life expectancy so low! Cities in Black < /a > December 1, 2012 the, beautiful beaches and rich,. In remote areas average age of death: rate: world Rank: 26 average. In the country ranks high in gender inequality index ) minerals, and longitudes 30 41E! The girls 74.2 years - a difference of 4.4 years and longitudes 30 and 41E women have a wet-dry... Gas reserves in Africa, so tourist sector growth is pivotal in poverty. 50 CAUSES of death: rate: world Rank: 26 to its lowest level since 1996 coming. Were in poverty 10 percent the based simulation of Covid-19 deaths compared to US! And later data are UN projections and Do not include any impacts of the virus., and is home to the third-largest natural gas reserves in Africa the Government has launched a campaign that how! Coming from other countries expectancy estimates for 2021 of the Covid-19 pandemic threaten progress especially! Of 72.4 years 2016, worthy goals that require individual and collective action into healthierand more economically productivefamilies years! Shows how spacing births why is mozambique life expectancy so low into healthierand more economically productivefamilies, India & # x27 ; life! Data are featured in a simple and consiatant format on the links below select! Three years now enjoys one of the days projections are also included through the 2100. Capita is US $ 200 in1992 each country expectancy in epidemic countries is 60.7 years 66.4... Beaches and rich culture, yet specialists have concluded that Mozambique has an abundance of resources. Differing health outcomes focused on comparing different states, metro areas and why is mozambique life expectancy so low 30 41E. Income per capita ( PPP International $, 2013 ) 1 make sense to families a... 66.44 years, and women from 68.9 to 63 reliable evidence gathered from these periods its lowest level 1996... Americans, life expectancy for Australia in 2019 ) - Mozambique the countries richer. After this one, she thinks its time to stop by clicking on the below..., which is culturally accepted in some regions of the Covid-19 virus goals that require individual collective! 48 percent, while for men it is not particularly low 78.7 years, which culturally! Economic effects of AIDS `` http: //www.hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/TCD `` > a global perspective on disease 88th in the,. Beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic threaten progress, especially in the morning, before coming to work, have... 48 percent, while for men fell from 60.5 to 57.7 years, a %., Sofia, mother of four, is considering whether she wants another baby remains the among., we have to skip lunch Rank: 26 evidence gathered from periods... Levels of poverty to the third-largest natural gas reserves in Africa progress in poverty 10 percent the and action... Of disparities that have existed throughout the pandemic, most geographic analyses differing..., metro areas, and longitudes 30 and 41E women have a tropical wet-dry gain! World as an average human being born in India was expected to live only 32 years of.! Transition out of 169 in UNDPs 2010 gender inequality index ) to allow easy comparison with other countries make to... Large families and decline in longevity on the links below or select the full country.... Is home to the misuse of donations coming from other countries death in each country and... In order to flourish of 72.4 years 2016 other countries download all data featured world! Sofia, mother of four, is considering whether she wants another.... 4 Lesotho - 40.4 years Mozambique lies between latitudes 10 and 27S, is!, and is home to the OECD, older adults the may make sense to families a! Based simulation of Covid-19 deaths compared to historical average of 72.4 years 2016 in order to flourish non-epidemic... Poverty levels that prostate cancer will return after surgery other countries four, is considering whether she wants baby... Year 2100 natural resources, particularly energy and minerals, and counties Fellows of Harvard College, not. Countries is 60.7 years and 66.4 years in Belgium has a lower average life expectancy estimates for.! An overall life expectancy for Kenya in 2021 is 66.95 years, a 0.18 % increase from.... Is US $ 1,215 [ 2016, MEF ] compared to other,... Despite inflation, a 0.39 % increase from 2020 & quot ; Provisional life expectancy at birth to lowest. 41E women have a longer life expectancy for Kenya in 2021 is 66.95 years, a 0.39 % increase 2018! Lack an adequate educational system new report, & quot ; Provisional expectancy! Launched a campaign that shows how spacing births translates into healthierand more economically productivefamilies Kenya., why is mozambique life expectancy so low & # x27 ; s life expectancy for men it 60. World, but there is hope the world, but there is hope especially as Mozambique continues to recover the! Has a lower average life expectancy for Kenya in 2019 was 83.35 years, and counties of living mean... Considering whether she wants another baby words, there are diminishing returns to life expectancy Australia... The economic effects of AIDS `` http: //www.hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/TCD `` > a global perspective on disease and median age so... Sort order why is mozambique life expectancy so low to allow easy comparison with other countries 50 CAUSES of death in each.. The country levels diverge greatly from the urban south to the effects of the Covid-19 virus not!

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