deepwater horizon oil spill bioremediation

Site managers Donald Vidrine and Robert Kaluza were charged with manslaughter for acting negligently in their supervision of key safety tests performed on the rig prior to the explosion, and failure to alert onshore engineers of problems in the drilling operation. [citation needed] Other studies have reported a variety of mental health issues, skin problems, breathing issues, coughing, and headaches. Only about 800,000 barrels had been captured. By 3 October 2012, federal response costs amounted to $850million, mostly reimbursed by BP. [137][138] On 19 May, the EPA gave BP 24hours to choose less toxic alternatives to Corexit from the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule, and begin applying them within 72 hours of EPA approval or provide a detailed reasoning why no approved products met the standards. Is there a way to inhibit full degradation of petroleum while producing non toxic organic compounds? Pumping continued for eight hours, at the end of which the well was declared to be "in a static condition. It also included economic damage claims submitted by the five Gulf states and their local governments. An investigation of the possible causes of the explosion was launched on 22 April 2010 by the USCG and the Minerals Management Service. [85][86][87] On 3 August 2010, first test oil and then drilling mud was pumped at a slow rate of approximately 2bbl (320L) per minute into the well-head. Heat stress was found to be the most pressing safety concern. Anthony Badalementi was sentenced to one year probation,[369] Donald Vidrine paid a $50,000 fine and received 10 months probation,[370] Kurt Mix received 6 months' probation,[371] and David Rainey and Robert Kaluza were acquitted. "[319][321] The panel also noted that the government regulators did not have sufficient knowledge or authority to notice these cost-cutting decisions.[318]. Official websites use .gov [93], Oil slicks were reported in March[94] and August 2011,[95][96] in March[11] and October 2012,[97][98][99] and in January 2013. [293] In June 2018, the executive order establishing the National Ocean Council was revoked by then-U.S. president Donald Trump in an effort to roll back bureaucracy and benefit "ocean industries [that] employ millions of Americans". "[116] Altogether, 1.8410^6USgal (7,000m3) of dispersants were used; of this 771,000USgal (2,920m3) were released at the wellhead. There was a microbial shift in the deepwater community as the chemistry and nature of the oil changed. The goal of NRDA is to restore natural resources and compensate the public for lost recreational use. [312], On 8 September 2010, BP released a 193-page report on its web site. With the damaged riser shorn from the LMRPthe top segment of the BOPthe cap was lowered into place. Many large-scale skimmers exceeded the limit. Official websites use .gov In addition, Louisiana reported that lost visitor spending through the end of 2010 totaled $32million, and losses through 2013 were expected to total $153million in this state alone. Investigations continue into the public health effects on coastal residents and responders who investigated and cleaned up the mess. Many local supporters were disappointed with BP's slow response, prompting the formation of The Florida Key Environmental Coalition. [319][321] One was that it had not used a diagnostic tool to test the strength of the cement. The oil well over which it was positioned was located on the seabed 4,993 feet (1,522 metres) below the surface and extended approximately 18,000 feet (5,486 metres) into the rock. [318] The study did not, however, place the blame on any one of these events. And we will do whatever's necessary to help the Gulf Coast and its people recover from this tragedy. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection . He apportioned 67% of the blame for the spill to BP, 30% to Transocean, and 3% to Halliburton. One quarter of that has been burned, captured or skimmed, according to U.S.. [190][191] PAHs are often linked to oil spills and include carcinogens and chemicals that pose various health risks to humans and marine life. BP will pay $4.5billion in fines and other payments, the largest of its kind in US history. [3] After several failed efforts to contain the flow, the well was declared sealed on 19 September 2010. The plan was criticised for its expense and poor results. Due to the Deepwater Horizon spill, marine life was suffering. [113] In 2012, Markus Huettel, a benthic ecologist at Florida State University, maintained that while much of BP's oil was degraded or evaporated, at least 60% remains unaccounted for. Known as the Gulf Coast Claims Facility offsite link, it paid an additional $6.2 billion to more than 220,000 individual and business claimants. Once released, the natural gas traveled up a riser to the platform of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig that was over the well, where it ignited, killing 11 workers and injuring 17. Petroleum is constantly seeping through cracks and vents on the ocean floor; organisms like Pseudomonas thrive in petroleum present environments have evolved mechanisms that would allow them to use the energy rich hydrocarbons as a nutrient source [10]. Executive Summary, "Gulf residents to get extra $64M for 2010 oil spill claims", "Judge hears details of Gulf oil spill settlement", "BP Class-Action Settlement Exceeds $1 Billion in Payments Over Gulf Oil Spill", http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/10/21/2465881/following-complaints-from-gulf.html, "Judge Rules Against BP Over Settlement Payout Request", "Lloyd's syndicates launch legal action over BP insurance claim", "BP, Transocean Lawsuits Surge as Oil Spill Spreads in Gulf", "BP 24bn lawsuits claim contractors failed to use modelling software properly", "BP begins to put spill behind it with settlement", "Accord Reached Settling Lawsuit Over BP Oil Spill", "Federal judge approves BP Gulf oil spill medical settlement", "BP, plaintiffs reach billion dollar deal in Gulf oil spill", "BP appeal to stop 'fictitious' U.S. oil spill claims fails", "DOJ accuses BP of 'gross negligence' in Gulf oil spill", "UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA IN RE: OIL SPILL BY THE OIL RIG: MDL NO. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill that occurred in 2010 was one of the most devastating oil spills in history. [325], The GCCF was administrated by attorney Kenneth Feinberg. Let us know. Dan Zak for the Washington Post, 3 June 2010. Oil biodegradation at a depth 5,000 feet or greater is . Cleaning efforts were implemented soon after that using surfactants to disperse the oil to create more surface area for decomposition by microorganisms and other forms of bioremediation . On April 20, 2010, the oil drilling rig Deepwater Horizon, operating in the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, exploded and sank resulting in the death of 11 workers on the Deepwater Horizon and the largest spill of oil in the history of marine oil drilling operations. Across the US, thousands participated in dozens of protests at BP gas stations and other locations,[283][284][285] reducing sales at some stations by 10% to 40%. On April 20, 2010, an explosion occurred on the Deepwater Horizon drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico. [6][46] BP challenged the higher figure, saying that the government overestimated the volume. Microbial Activities and Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in Oil-Contaminated Surface Seawater from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Site. PLoS One, 2012, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034816, (9) Mulet, M., David, Z., Nogales, B., Bosch, R., Lalucat, J. and Garcia-Valdes, E. Pseudomonas Diversity in Crude-Oil-Contaminated Intertidal Sand Samples Obtained after the Prestige Oil Spill. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2011, DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01741-10, (10) Boopathy, R., Shields, S. and Nunna, S. Biogradation of crude oil from the BP oil spill in the marsh sediments of southeast Louisiana, USA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2012, DOI: NA, (11) Atlas, R. Oil Biodegradation and Bioremediation: A tale of the Two Worst Spills in U.S. History. Environ Sci Technol, 2011, DOI: 10.1021/es2013227, Figure 1: http://www.birdeducation.org/BENBulletin32.htm, Figure 2: http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0602/BP-oil-spill-Five-outside-the-box-solutions-to-capping-and-cleanup, Figure 3: http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2011/0106/Gulf-oil-spill-study-s-surprising-find-Bacteria-ate-methane-in-three-months, Figure 4: http://www.thelmagazine.com/TheMeasure/archives/2010/05/24/your-pictures-of-the-bp-oil-spill-making-landfall-are-here-and-just-as-hopelessly-tragic-as-youd-feared, From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource, Specific strain of microbes capable of hydrocarbon degradation, Possible topics for further research and direction, http://www.birdeducation.org/BENBulletin32.htm, http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0602/BP-oil-spill-Five-outside-the-box-solutions-to-capping-and-cleanup, http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2011/0106/Gulf-oil-spill-study-s-surprising-find-Bacteria-ate-methane-in-three-months, http://www.thelmagazine.com/TheMeasure/archives/2010/05/24/your-pictures-of-the-bp-oil-spill-making-landfall-are-here-and-just-as-hopelessly-tragic-as-youd-feared, https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Microbial_Response_to_Deepwater_Horizon_Oil_Spill&oldid=79090. [241], Following the 26 May 2010 hospitalization of seven fishermen that were working in the cleanup crew, BP requested that the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health perform a Health Hazard Evaluation. [192] The oil contained approximately 40% methane by weight, compared to about 5% found in typical oil deposits. Oil spill transport and fate models are effective tools which allow a . "[351][352] The Supreme Court of the United States later refused to hear BP's appeal after victims and claimants, along with numerous Gulf coast area chambers of commerce, objected to the oil major's efforts to renege on the Settlement Agreement. Since then, the Trustee Council has approved five early restoration plans, encompassing 65 projects at an estimated cost of $866 million. BP also agreed to four years of government monitoring of its safety practices and ethics, and the Environmental Protection Agency announced that BP would be temporarily banned from new contracts with the United States government. [286], The petroleum industry claimed that disasters are infrequent and that this spill was an isolated incident and rejected claims of a loss of industry credibility. [305][306] The USCG actively requested skimming boats and equipment from several countries.[307]. [42][43][44] The total estimated volume of leaked oil approximated 4.9Mbbl (210million USgal; 780,000m3) with plus or minus 10% uncertainty,[3] including oil that was collected,[45] making it the world's largest accidental spill. [169], On 18 May 2010, BP was designated the lead "Responsible Party" under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which meant that BP had operational authority in coordinating the response. The genes code for ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases, which are necessary to cleave the aromatic rings of PAH [4]. The time an ecosystem takes to recover from an oil spill depends on its size. [22], In November 2012, BP and the United States Department of Justice settled federal criminal charges, with BP pleading guilty to 11 counts of manslaughter, two misdemeanors, and a felony count of lying to the United States Congress. A decrease in the number of phototrophs, with them being primary producers in marine food chain will greatly impact all other organisms. As many as 8.3 billion oysters were lost. [154], Oil was collected from water by using skimmers. "[309] The investigation by United States Attorney General Eric Holder was announced on 1 June 2010. [54][55] In September a new wave of oil suddenly coated 16mi (26km) of Louisiana coastline and marshes west of the Mississippi River in Plaquemines Parish. [112] The report led by the Department of the Interior and the NOAA said that "75% [of oil] has been cleaned up by Man or Mother Nature"; however, only about 25% of released oil was collected or removed while about 75% of oil remained in the environment in one form or another. The oil well was capped three months later, after 24/7 news coverage. "[281] Some observers suggested that the Obama administration was being overly aggressive in its criticisms, which some BP investors saw as an attempt to deflect criticism of his own handling of the crisis. The US government report issued in September 2011 stated that BP is ultimately responsible for the spill, and that Halliburton and Transocean share some of the blame. Microbial Activities and Dissolved organic Matter Dynamics in Oil-Contaminated Surface Seawater from the Deepwater Horizon platform! Pressing safety concern and compensate the public health effects on coastal residents and who. 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On 19 September 2010 BP released a 193-page report on its web.! Estimated cost of $ 866 million resources and compensate the public health effects on coastal residents and responders who and! Organic compounds which are necessary to cleave the aromatic rings of PAH [ 4 ] greatly all...

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