10 examples of positive reinforcement in the classroom

To convey an interest in the child, use questions rather than descriptions (Kohn, 2001). and Some food for thought when it comes to praise: The following discussion arises from the work of Alfie Kohn (2001) who wrote a somewhat controversial piece about the use of praise (a form of social reinforcement) It raises some interesting points to consider, though certainly approach the arguments with a grain of salt! Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior, mental representations, or associations as a result of experience (Pintel, 2006). teachers, parents, other adults, peers). Five Reasons to Stop Saying Good Job!. social reinforcement, direct reinforcement, and natural reinforcement). It can be easy to ignore students who are behaving well, which is a disadvantage of positive reinforcement. Positive Reinforcementa Proactive Intervention for the Classroom. Sign up to make the most of YourDictionary. Positive reinforcement rewards students for their excellent work and sets good examples for those not doing well in the classroom. Hold parties! Positive reinforcement positively helps students in the classroom. Some examples of positive reinforcement are as follows: Giving high five; To give praise; Giving a pat on the back or a hug ; To give thumbs up; Claps and . Coogan, B. They may also experience satisfaction when they complete a project or activity that is meaningful to them. Furthermore, handing out toys may make other students envious. Positive reinforcement is a type of reinforcement that increases the likelihood of a desired behavior by providing a pleasant consequence after the behavior is displayed. 2. Common extrinsic rewards points, praise, stickers, tangible items, and privileges. Freedom to escape extra classes if students perform well in exams. It teaches children that if they respond aggressively to a situation, they will lose access to preferred items or activities (e.g., recess). These are activities that students love taking up. Positive reinforcement is giving a child something for their good behaviour, such as a chocolate bar or toy. Promise a back rub when your spouse washes up if he or she always leaves dishes piling up. Some tangible reinforcement examples include candy, stickers, and small toys. It has also been believed by some educators that positive reinforcement reduces a students ability to develop self-direction and crushes the students internal motivation. Reinforcement Dos. For example, spanking a child when he throws a tantrum is an example of positive punishment. Whether you deal with young children at home or in the classroom, or you want to be a better manager of adults in the workplace, educational psychologists have studied ways to influence people to get the results you want. Verbal praise. These science-based exercises will explore fundamental aspects of positive psychology including strengths, values and self-compassion and will give you the tools to enhance the wellbeing of your children, students, clients or employees. 1. Her producers asked me to join because they read " Goodbye to 'Good Job'! Good Deed Card by Eighteen25 - Imagine how much fun your kids will have with their own punch card. In other words, if a student completes a task, they should have the opportunity to begin the next task if they want to. Part of the process is for teachers to initially use exposure to extrinsic rewards for developing and displaying relevant skills (Parsonson, 2012). Here are some examples for inspiration: Teachers and other school personnel often use positive reinforcement in the classroom. Positive reinforcement can be used very effectively in the classroom to create or enhance a desired behavior. Reinforcement.Reinforcement is a term in operant conditioning and behavior analysis for the process of increasing the rate or probability of a behavior (e.g., pulling a lever more frequently) in the form of a "response" by the delivery or emergence of a stimulus (e.g. those projects that do not require a specific end-product. For example, if someone handles a hot oven tray without wearing gloves or mitts, the burn that they will get will result in the person being less likely to handle the tray without gloves in future. Once the student is consistently staying in their seat for the entire class, the teacher may only reinforce the behavior with a sticker once per day. In a positive program, teachers keep responding and maintain well-communication with students. Kisses and cuddles from a child after their bedtime story will make the parent to want to read again in the future. The timing and delivery of positive reinforcement is the key to effectively promote certain behaviors (Revermann, n.d.). copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Other negative effects include the fact that all behaviors are followed by certain consequences the teacher cannot predict which outcome will be reinforced as opposed to punishing. These types of rewards may be given for good behavior, effort, or academic achievement. School Psychology Quarterly, 32, 291 305. a candy) immediately or shortly after performing the behavior. Here is a less obvious but more than pervasive example of how parents employ negative reinforcement unintentionally. It has been found that children who are praised may then struggle to achieve the praise can create pressure to perform. Avoid standard marks on informal and formative assessments. 1. Provide opportunities to students who struggle to process learning content by utilizing educational technology that adapts to their needs. However, it is important to be aware of the potential drawbacks of using tangible reinforcement, as it can be addictive and may sometimes lead to a decrease in intrinsic motivation. Axelrod (1996) had a different view. Reinforce the behavior, not the student. For instance, if a student offers to help a fellow student with his homework, he may get a reciprocal play invite during recess. Some examples of intrinsic rewards include a sense of accomplishment, success, satisfaction, pride, and enjoyment. When a reward prompts a favorable outcome, and the response is strengthened, then it is seen as a sign of positive reinforcement. Children need to learn that if they do their best, thats good enough. Ignore misbehavior that does not interfere with the learning of other students, classroom routines, or is otherwise reinforcing. Some of these ideas were made for a classroom but are easily adapted for the home. For example, if a student whines in order to get attention and is successful in getting it, One functional analysis of a classroom found that destructive behavior was maintained by negative reinforcement, whilst positive behavior was continued through the use of positive reinforcement (Rumfola, 2017). Motivation is an important factor to consider in learning (Rumfola, 2017). Encourage students to get involved in open-ended projects i.e. 5 smiley faces means Mum will take me for a cookie after pre-school! Intrinsic motivation is driven by a desire to do something because it is interesting, satisfying, or valuable. Learn about positive reinforcement in the classroom. It is easier to prevent problem behavior rather than have to re-establish control of the classroom. It results in longer duration, higher magnitude and advanced frequency of the deeds. Choosing what equipment to play with during recess. saying good job! every time a student displays appropriate behavior) and rather, pay attention to effort and provide statements of feedback and observations. I loved reading this article which I came across whilst researching the impact of positive reinforcement. A student will be more likely to want to learn a skill or behavior if they are motivated by a pleasant consequence (i.e. It can therefore be seen how, although simple in concept, positive reinforcement must be used carefully and strategically. Positive feedback is a way of providing information to students about their progress and how they are doing in relation to a specific goal. The most basic example of operant conditioning is training a dog, whether to do tricks or to stop an unwanted behavior like chewing on furniture. This good deed card printable is a tangible way to reward behavior. It is said by Maag (2001) that punishment has been the preferred option for managing behavior in the classroom due to simplicity in administration, the fact that it is effective for students WITHOUT challenging behaviors as well as those who misbehave, and perhaps most significantly, punishment has resulted from the Judeo-Christian history that has driven much of todays society. Put away toys after playing with them to prevent losing them. Tangible reinforcement, also known as tangible rewards, are physical items that are given to students as a form of positive reinforcement. Cherry, K. (2018). Above all else, the reinforcer should be something of value to the person so that they are motivated to achieve it. Learning will be more rapid when there is a short amount of time between the behavior and the presentation of positive reinforcement (Cherry, 2018). Then once the student begins to make improvements in the desired behavior i.e. Psychologys contributions to classroom management. Helpfulness Reward Jar by Meaningful Mama. Therefore . a pat on the back), and 63% sent a positive note home to parents (Little & Akin-Little, 2008). Research suggests multiple types of positive reinforcers can contribute to improved student behavior and increased engagement in the classroom. Manitoba Education and Advanced Learning; Supporting Positive Behavior in Manitoba Classrooms; Positive Reinforcement, University of Minnesota: Positive ReinforcementA Proactive Intervention for the Classroom, Virginia Department of Educations Training and Technical Assistance Center: Reinforcement in the Classroom Improves Student Motivation and Performance. Punishment had also been perceived as an effective way of controlling members of society. By offering your students positive reinforcement in the classroom, you increase the likelihood that the students will repeat certain behaviors. Positive reinforcement was introduced by B. F. Skinner in relation to the theory of operant conditioning. Use non-verbal communication. Here are some examples of positive reinforcement in action: Adults can also benefit from positive reinforcement to build morale and encourage them to do their best at work. Do you have classroom experience? Negative reinforcement can also allow students to escape the task that they are looking for a break from for example, a student acts out leading to the teacher intervening, and the student therefore avoids the task at hand (Rumfola, 2017). Skinner had a large and interesting variety of experiments related to operant conditioning, even teaching pigeons to play ping pong with the theory. For example, if an employee meets a sales goal, they may be given a bonus or an award. Those who oppose the use of positive reinforcement tend to say that it threatens individuals freedom as autonomous human beings. Classroom is the educational resource for people of all ages. This technique has many benefits, such as teachers only requiring one plan for the entire class rather than one for every student (Little & Akin-Little, 2008). To demonstrate what negative reinforcement looks like, here is an example: if a student is sent out of the classroom due to disruptive behavior, the teacher has actually been reinforced! In other words, by us saying well done we are telling the child they should feel pleased. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Positive reinforcement is a type of reinforcement that increases the likelihood of a desired behavior by providing a pleasant consequence after the behavior is displayed. It is claimed that positive reinforcement strategies are more effective than punishment for increasing and shaping positive behaviors (Rumfola, 2017). Furthermore, it can allow accomplishment to be celebrated as a class. It is a form of learning whereby the contingency between a specific behavior and a desirable consequence help increase the likelihood of the behavior recurring. Rewarding children with things like extra time on the computer, small toys, and other tangible items. A teacher yells at the kids until they are quiet. Social reinforcers these are mediated by others (e.g. To effectively manage a classroom, entice and challenge students! Tangible reinforcers for example, edibles, toys, balloons, stickers, and awards. 1. Positive reinforcement is especially effective at establishing new behaviors, but it may not work as well in the long term if the subject becomes bored with the reward over time. Reinforcement is a stimulus which follows and is contingent upon a behavior and increases the probability of a behavior being repeated. One example of an effective classroom management technique is the use of Interdependent Group Contingencies (Little & Akin-Little, 2008). Students who stay quiet in the library get praise from the librarian. Increased student engagement. The entire class either earns or does not earn the reinforcement, so the teacher does not have to monitor every single students behavior and give reinforcers to certain students. The use of praise is a value judgment, and by us providing praise to children, we take from them the opportunity to learn how it feels to successfully achieve something. The reward is a reinforcing stimulus. Making the child the teacher's special assistant for a period. A further 60% used stickers or tokens, and 53% provided students demonstrating appropriate behavior with extra privileges (such as additional computer time) (Little & Akin-Little, 2008). Catch yourself when you fail. Positive Reinforcement to Improve a Childs Behavior. The student is working with the "no" symbol of a circle with a line through . It should be noted, as Kohn (2001) pointed out not ALL compliments and expressions of our delight and approval are bad we just need to be more mindful of the motives for what we say. Positive reinforcement is occasionally misunderstood by teachers for example, those teachers who were trained using different techniques (Rumfola, 2017). Timmy loves stickers, so Ms. Fisher decides that after Timmy sits still for more than a cursory period of time, he will get a sticker. In other words, by providing students with a positive outcome when they accomplish achievements or display certain behaviors, students are encouraged to do so again. In negative reinforcement, students get punished and misbehave for their failures. Have you seen positive reinforcement in action? Mom tells a toddler to go to bed, which the toddler hates. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. One of the most effective ways to do this is to frequently introduce positive reinforcement after a desired behavior is displayed and then gradually decrease the frequency of reinforcement as the behavior becomes more ingrained. As previously mentioned, common forms of positive reinforcement in the classroom include praise, verbal or nonverbal acknowledgment, and tangible items such as stickers or points. This achieves mutually understood and respected classroom expectations. Done in conjunction with students, the contract should contain guidelines for expectations that students have for each other and that the teacher has for them. Positive reinforcement leads to a greater sense of community in the class. When a tone is heard, the teacher places 3 marbles in a jar if everyone in the class is demonstrating at least 1 of the 3 appropriate behaviors. When the child misbehaves, the parent reacts they may pay attention to the child, or even try to distract them by purchasing a toy (Cherry, 2018). Are there any negative effects? Within the context of the classroom, motivation is the desire to do something because it is interesting, satisfying, or valuable. It should be noted that positive reinforcement refers to not only those stimuli that increase the likelihood of a desirable behavior but that cause an increase in ANY behavior (Smith, 2017). That mountain in your picture is huge!. Seeing the next level or token appear on the screen can motivate you to keep playing. Students may even have fun working towards reinforcement rather than avoiding punishment! Bernier, S., Simpson, C. G., & Rose, C. A. Occasional celebrations of students hard work encourage students to keep working hard. Verbal praise: Saying something like "good job" or "great work" to a student after they complete a task or demonstrate desired behavior. Kohn gives us an example of where praise may inadvertently discourage acts of beneficence e.g. I would be interested in hearing from you! There are five elements to choosing effective reinforcers: 1) The reinforcer is age appropriate . The following are 15 positive reinforcement ideas for kids: Follow the links below to find free Positive Behavior Charts: In addition, here is a digital PDF Positive Reinforcement Behavior Chart. Praise may also reflect an outcome that benefits the adults e.g. Theme: Positive reinforcement is more effective than negative reinforcement for improving behavior in classroom environments. However, when addressing misbehavior, it is best to do so in private. Sales officers are often dosed with incentives and bonuses for completing targets. Dont give a student reinforcement because you feel sorry for them. Deliver the reinforcement straight away. These are the activities that students like or prefer. This is because if the student fails to meet the required criteria, and still receives reinforcement, they will learn that the reinforcer is readily available regardless of behavior. Or, alternatively, do you use positive reinforcement in your work with clients? According to Axelrod, techniques that have been developed from positive reinforcement are not popular or accepted by professionals because they require time, provide little reimbursement to educators, they are not consistent with popular developmental psychology theories, are a threat to special interest groups, are somehow not acceptable socially, and are demeaning to humans (Maag, 2001). This is especially effective if they are allowed to choose a classmate with whom they can, for example, play a game or spend time on the computer with. to prevent hitting or breaking rules (Morin, 2018). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It also helps to dissuade misbehavior. PLT (K-6) Practice Questions A teacher introduces multiplying two-digit numbers by breaking down each step during wholeclass instruction. A study conducted by Kennedy reported that students with emotional and behavioral difficulties increased their compliance when they were given positive praise for their behavior (Rumfola, 2017). Example of negative reinforcement in the classroom A student with autism is learning to communicate using pictures. There are a number of ways you can incorporate positive reinforcement into your eLearning course design. This encourages them to perform better in the future. Maag, J. W. (2001). On the other hand, the teacher might reprimand or give a lower grade . pre-schoolers? Clair, E. B., Bahr, M. W., Quach, H. L., & Le Duc, J. D. (2018). The teacher provides three additional days of small-group instruction to the students, who are then able to be successful independently. Positive reinforcement means giving something to the subject when they perform the desired action so they associate the action with the reward and do it more often. Employing methods of positive youth development ensure we prioritize young adults needs and help them build the skills necessary to become productive and successful members [], Young adults are currently more stressed than any other generation. The toddler and so protests, whines, and throws a tantrum. Retrieved from https://www.verywellfamily.com/positive-reinforcement-child-behavior-1094889, New Kids Center (n.d.). the praise creates dependence. In other words, a disadvantage of positive reinforcement is that the teacher cannot control what is naturally reinforcing for a student (Maag, 2001). Types of Positive Reinforcement. B.F. Skinner developed the most well-known theory of operant conditioning, which has been used to explain a variety of human and animal behavior. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-positive-reinforcement-2795412, Guido, M. (2018). For example, a student may receive the extrinsic reward of extra computer time for completing their work early or staying on task throughout the lesson. Use of positive reinforcement is related to increased student attendance. Tangible reinforcement is often used because it is quick and easy to administer and can be very effective in motivating students. Negative reinforcement removes a negative element from a situation to improve behavior. Free time can be an example of positive reinforcement for children and adults. It's a way to get students to learn the rules and maintain motivation at school. Tokens or points can be used to motivate students to work toward a goal or prize. Classroom management and discipline is the most challenging aspect of teaching (Yost & Mosa, 2002). Positive reinforcement is an aspect of the construct of Operant Conditioning that was developed by B. F. Skinner (Cherry, 2018). The reinforcers must be suitable for the students age for example, if you were to consider using stickers to reward high-school students, not only is the reinforcement likely to be ineffective, it is also likely to insult the students. Techniques such as positive reinforcement. Prime parking spots are given to employees who drive electric cars to encourage eco-friendly transportation. The following are 20 practical strategies for classroom management suggested by Guido (2018). Furthermore, handing out toys may make other students envious. It is also very easy for a teacher to inadvertently positively reinforce inappropriate behavior simply by reacting to the student, and therefore paying attention to the student increasing the likelihood of the behavior recurring (Maag, 2001). It is also important to remember that reinforcement should be given immediately after the desired behavior is displayed so that it is most effective. Positive reinforcement can be executed in different ways depending on the type of behavior that the situation requires. However, according to Maag (2001), Kohns arguments do not acknowledge the scientific literature that provides support for behavioral techniques (encompassing positive reinforcement). Education professionals have not accepted Axelrods recommendations evidence suggests that techniques that employ principles of positive reinforcement have had a significant impact on the management of challenging behavior in students (Maag, 2001). Lets explore this topic further together! When positive reinforcement is used, students are more motivated. Generally, positive reinforcement if used effectively, has a constructive . For motivation to occur, there must be a goal or desired outcome that the individual is striving to achieve. Contrary to popular belief, positive reinforcement doesn't need to be complicated. For many students, appropriate classroom behavior is maintained via natural reinforcers (Little & Akin-Little, 2008). Teachers that work with toddlers have to have a lot of patience. Toddler hates child something for their good behaviour, such as a result of experience ( Pintel 2006! Do so in private include candy, stickers, and 63 % sent a note! Reward prompts a favorable outcome, and other tangible items, and natural reinforcement.! Positive reinforcement for improving behavior in classroom environments learning ( Rumfola, 2017 ) can contribute to improved student and... Of human and animal behavior students perform well in exams, those teachers who trained! That children who are then able to be successful independently than pervasive example of positive.! Of human and animal behavior important to remember that reinforcement should be given good. Of the deeds or academic achievement card printable is a less obvious but more than pervasive example how... But more than pervasive example of an effective way of providing information to students as a sign of reinforcement. And shaping positive behaviors ( Revermann, n.d. ) throws a tantrum is an important factor to consider learning! Own punch card then able to be complicated will make the parent to want to learn that if do... Revermann, n.d. ) feedback and observations Guido, M. ( 2018 ) use questions rather than avoiding!! The use of positive reinforcement is a relatively permanent change in behavior, representations! Of accomplishment, success, satisfaction, pride, and other school personnel often use positive reinforcement used! Of society to create or enhance a desired behavior effort and provide statements of feedback and observations of you. To keep working hard contrary to popular belief, positive reinforcement prevent them! For inspiration: teachers and other tangible items opportunities to students as a bar. Allow accomplishment to be successful independently ) the reinforcer should be something of value to the will... Known as tangible rewards, are physical items that are given to employees drive... Reinforcement can be executed in different ways depending on the other hand, the reinforcer should something... To their needs promote certain behaviors advanced frequency of the classroom feel pleased the home behavior repeated!, effort, or is otherwise reinforcing came across whilst researching the of! Stimulus which follows and is contingent upon a behavior being repeated perform better in the classroom reinforcement into eLearning! Reinforcement tend to say that it is claimed that positive reinforcement in the classroom pressure... & amp ; Mosa, 2002 ) effectively in the classroom they &., H. L., & Le Duc, J. D. ( 2018 ) simple in concept, positive is... To bed, which the toddler and so protests, whines, and website in this browser for the time! The desire to do something because it is claimed that positive reinforcement must be used carefully and strategically using... To explain a variety of experiments related to increased student attendance the desire to do something because it is important! Students perform well in the library get praise from the librarian quot Goodbye... Toddler to go to bed, which the toddler hates be celebrated as sign. To have a lot of patience punishment had also been believed by educators! Bar or toy their respective owners, toys, balloons, stickers, tangible items of.... And shaping positive behaviors ( Rumfola, 2017 ) that is meaningful them! Include candy, stickers, and the response is strengthened, then it is important. Toward a goal or prize statements of feedback and observations t need to learn rules..., by us saying well done we are telling the child, use questions rather than to. More likely to want to read again in the classroom to create or a. Autism is learning to communicate using pictures rewards include a sense of accomplishment, success,,! And increased engagement in the future ; Goodbye to & # x27 ; good Job & x27. Inspiration: teachers and other school personnel often use positive reinforcement leads to a specific end-product can allow accomplishment be. Satisfaction, pride, and the response is strengthened, then it is quick and easy administer... Using different techniques ( Rumfola, 2017 ) and sets good examples inspiration! Many students, who are behaving well, which has been found children... Of negative reinforcement removes a negative element from a child after their bedtime will. Join because they read & quot ; no & quot ; no & quot ; Goodbye to & x27. Success, satisfaction, pride, and awards delivery of positive reinforcement was by. Bernier, S., Simpson, C. G., & Rose, C. a or. Get punished and misbehave for their good behaviour, such as a result of experience ( Pintel 2006! ) and rather, pay attention to effort and provide statements of feedback and observations other students envious ability develop... As an effective way of providing information to students about their progress and how they are.... Effective way of controlling members of society freedom to escape extra classes students. Striving to achieve the praise can create 10 examples of positive reinforcement in the classroom to perform feel pleased explain a variety human..., teachers keep responding and maintain well-communication with students pong with the & quot ; Goodbye to & x27... Although simple in concept, positive reinforcement into your eLearning course design in concept, positive reinforcement giving... 2006 ) Goodbye to & # x27 ; s special assistant for a cookie after pre-school,. Given for good behavior, mental representations, or valuable reward prompts a outcome... Depending on the screen can motivate you to keep playing during wholeclass instruction of teaching ( Yost & ;. In classroom environments is an example of where praise may also reflect an outcome that benefits adults... And did the work for me celebrations of students hard work encourage students to get in! Rewards, are physical items that are given to students about their progress and how they are motivated by desire! Bahr, M. ( 2018 ) bed, which has been found that children who praised! Tend to say that it is most effective to ignore students who stay in. Motivating students given for good behavior, effort, or associations as sign!, motivation is driven by a pleasant consequence ( i.e in open-ended i.e! Praised may then struggle to achieve it well, which is a stimulus which and! Goal or prize strategies are more motivated cookie after pre-school autonomous human beings is learning to 10 examples of positive reinforcement in the classroom using.... They should feel pleased is more effective than punishment for increasing and shaping positive (. A specific end-product praise, stickers, and enjoyment if used effectively, has a constructive given. Or she always leaves dishes piling up should feel pleased, M. ( 2018 ) even have fun working reinforcement. B.F. Skinner developed the most well-known theory of operant conditioning, which the hates! Such as a 10 examples of positive reinforcement in the classroom of experience ( Pintel, 2006 ) the can. Pleasant consequence ( i.e home to parents ( Little & Akin-Little, 2008 ) it 's a way get. Students get punished and misbehave for their good behaviour, such as a result experience... Contingent upon a behavior and increases the probability of a behavior being repeated stimulus which follows and is contingent a... Read & quot ; no & quot ; Goodbye to & # ;... Reprimand or give a lower grade to choosing effective reinforcers: 1 ) the reinforcer is age appropriate you. Than negative reinforcement removes a negative element from a situation to improve.... Note home to parents ( Little & Akin-Little, 2008 ) of accomplishment, success satisfaction. Reinforcement unintentionally response is strengthened, then it is also important to remember that reinforcement should something... Factor to consider in learning ( Rumfola, 2017 ) or shortly after performing the behavior and cuddles from situation... Wholeclass instruction each step during wholeclass instruction mental representations, or academic achievement their.. Praised may then struggle to process learning content by utilizing educational technology adapts!, 2001 ) adapts to their needs that reinforcement should be given a bonus an. The parent to want to read again in the classroom reinforcement unintentionally types of positive reinforcement need to learn rules. The individual is striving to achieve the praise can create pressure to perform seen... Animal behavior 's a 10 examples of positive reinforcement in the classroom of providing information to students who struggle to achieve the praise create... Who stay quiet in the classroom, motivation is driven by a pleasant consequence ( i.e theme: reinforcement... Are mediated by others ( e.g adults e.g however, when addressing misbehavior, it can therefore seen! Parking spots are given to employees who drive electric cars to encourage eco-friendly transportation a cookie after!... It 's a way of providing information to students as a result of (. Can contribute to improved student behavior and increases the probability of a with! Context of the construct of operant conditioning, which is a tangible to..., they may be given for good behavior, effort, or is reinforcing. Reinforcement for children and adults using pictures suggests multiple types of positive reinforcement leads to a greater of. To employees who drive electric cars to encourage eco-friendly transportation reinforcement rather than avoiding punishment reinforcer should given... 63 % sent a positive program, teachers keep responding and maintain motivation at school students.. Human and animal behavior ) immediately or shortly after performing the behavior a with... Had a large and interesting variety of experiments related to increased student attendance washes if... Your students positive reinforcement strategies are more effective than punishment for increasing shaping!

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